Days after the government changed the Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation series-based year, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Sanjay Malhotra has said that the new CPI inflation series based on 2024 prices will better reflect Indian households' consumption patterns and reduce volatility. He noted that in both ways, it will help in better CPI estimation. Data released on February 12 showed retail inflation was 2.75 per cent in January under the new CPI series, which uses 2024 as the base year instead of 2012. The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation released the new CPI series, which widens coverage and tracks prices of 358 items, sharply up from 299 items in the old series. Headline inflation in January, the first month based on the new series, was above the lower end of the RBI's tolerance band of 2-6 per cent, a first since June 2025.

Regarding the expected changes to CPI projection from the new series Malhotra said ‘If the whole methodology is changing, then obviously the target will undergo a change’. He noted ‘Next estimate that we give out in the April policy will certainly take into account all the changes that are being brought in’. The change in methodology for computing headline CPI also comes when the central bank's flexible inflation targeting regime is up for review. The government, in consultation with the RBI, determines the CPI inflation target once every five years. Under the monetary policy framework, the government has set a 4 per cent CPI inflation target from April 1, 2021, to March 31, 2026, within a tolerance band of 2 per cent to 6 per cent.

According to the RBI Governor, the central bank has already submitted its recommendation to the government, following the stakeholder views, and it is still under examination by the government. He said ‘The government will very quickly be coming out with the target’. However, he noted that ‘merely because of the change in CPI series’, the target may not change. The RBI had released a discussion paper on August 21, seeking views on four questions, including whether the 4 per cent inflation target was optimal for balancing growth with stability in India. While emphasising that the flexible inflation targeting (FIT) regime has been successful, the central bank is also looking at whether core inflation would be the best guide for monetary policy.